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Gur Panth Parkash
by Rattan Singh Bhangoo
Translated by
Prof Kulwant Singh

BACK

REFERENCES

Chapter 1
Issues of Sikh Studies

1. Guru Granth Sahib, p. 722.
2. Smith, Huston, Paper entitled "Another World to Live in", published in Religious Studies & Theology, Vol. 7, Number 1, January 87, p. 54.
3. Smith, Huston, Beyond the Past Modem Mind, pp. 77-79.
4. Guru Granth Sahib, p. 113.
5. Ibid., p. 913.
6. Nicholls, William, paper entitled "Spirituality and Criticism in the Hermeneutics of Religion" presented at Annual Meeting of Canadian Society for the study of Religion, Guelph, Ont., May 84, p. 4.
7. Ibid., p. 32. 8. Ibid., p. 22.
8. King, N.Q., Perspectives on Sikh Tradition, edited by Gurdev Singh, pp. 46-47.
9. Jung, C.G., Memories, Dreams and Reflections, p. 150.
10. Ibid., p. 158.
11. Baig, M.R.A., The Muslim Dilemma in India, p. 60.
12. McLeod, W.H., Evolution of Sikh Community, p. 5.
13. Mullammad Iqbal, Bang-i-Dara, p. 270.
14. Oberoi, H.S., "Popular Saints, godesses, village sacred sites: Re-reading Sikh experience in the nineteenth century'', p. 28. Paper read at Conference at Berkeley in Feb. 87.
15. McLeod, W.H., Evolution of Sikh Community, p. 67.
16. Juergensmeyer and Barrier, Sikh Studies, Berkeley, p. 19.
17. Paulos Marbregorios, Dialogue and Alliance, International Religious 'Foundation, Vol. I & II, 1987, p. 95.
18. Toynbee, A., An Historian's Approach to Religion, p.210.
19. Theological and Social Issues in Hindu & Sikh Traditions, Council of World's Religions-Seminar held at Srinagar in July 88, paper by V.N. Narayanan, p. 5.
20. Ibid., paper by Ravi Ravinder, p. 7.
21. Ibid., paper by Basant Kumar Lal, p. 8.

 

Chapter II
Idea of God in Sikhism

1. Guru Granth Sahib, p. 463.
2. Ibid., p. 462.
3. Ibid., p. 937.
4. Ibid., pp. 11-12.
5. Ibid., p. 1035.
6. Ibid., p. 1036.
7. Ibid., p. 945.
8. Ibid., pp. 945-46.
9. Ibid., p. 8.
10. Ibid., p. 940.
11. Ibid., p. 612.
12. Ibid., p. 290.
13. Ibid., p. 1036.
14. Ibid., p. 294.
15. Ibid., p. 514.
16. Ibid., pp. 11-12.
17. Ibid., p. 788.
18. Ibid., p. 8:
19. Ibid., p. 290.
20. Ibid., p. 657.
21. Ibid., p. 250.
22. Ibid., p. 660.
23. Ibid., p. 103.
24. Ibid., pp. 263-64.
25. Ibid., p. 830.
26. Ibid p. 784
27. Ibid., p. 828.
28. Ibid.,. pp. 289-90.
29. Ibid., p. 859.
30. Kabit Bhai Gurdas, III.
31. Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1.
32. Ibid., p. 1136.
33. Ibid., p. 473.
34. Ibid., p. 1095.
35. Ibid., p. 711.
36. Ibid., p. 1156.
37. Ibid., p. 7.
38. Ibid., p. 9.
39. Ibid., p. 467.
40. Ibid., p. 10.

 

Chapter III
Naam in Sikhism

1. Shanna, I.C., The Ethics of Buddhism, Ethical Philosophies of India, p. 169.
2. Granth Sahib, p. 284.
3. Ibid., p. 603
4. Ibid., p. 753.
5. Ibid., p. 946
6. Ibid., p. 4.
7. Ibid., p. 293.
8. Ibid., p. 1242.
9. Ibid., p. 350.
10. Ibid., p. 463.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid., p. 1.
13. Ibid., p. 940.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 290.
16. Ibid., p. 1035.

17: Ibid., p. 1036.

17. Ibid., p. 3.
18. Ibid., p. 945.
19. Ibid., pp. 945-46.
20. Ibid., p. 8.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., pp. 7-8.
23. Ibid., p. 7.
24. Ibid., p. 15.
25. Ibid., p. 69
26. Ibid., p. 1
27. Ibid., p. 7.
28. Ibid.
29. Bachitar Natak, Part A-6 (33).
30. Smith, Huston, Tbe Religion of Man, New York, 1959, p.214.
31. Guru Granth Sahib, p. 939.
32. Ibid., p. 784.
33. Ibid., p. 294.
34. Ibid., p. 788
35. Ibid., p. 62.
36. Ibid., p.7.
37. Ibid., p. 560.
38. Ibid., p. 463.
39. Ibid., p. 930.
40. Ibid., p. 463.
41. Ibid., p. 294.
42. Ibid., p. 952.
43. Ibid., p: 966.
44. Ibid., p. 611.
45. Ibid., p. 463.
46. Ibid., p. 8.
47. Ibid., p. 930.
48. Ibid., p. 736.
49. Ibid., p. 952.
50. Ibid., p. 905.
51. Ibid., p. 730.
52. Ibid., p. 886.
53. Ibid., p. 265.
54. Ibid., p. 962.
55. Stace, W. T., Mysticism and Philosophy. p 126.
56. Guru Granth Sahib, pp. 560, 1092.
57. Ibid., pp. 522, 1246,661.
58. See, Niharranjan Ray, The Sikh Gurus and the Sikh Society, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1970.
59. Guru Granth Sahib, p. 126.
60. Ibid., p. 1205.
61. Ibid., p. 715.
62. Ibid., p. 889.
63. Ibid., p. 647.
64. Ibid., p. 751.
65. Ibid., p. 1289.
66. Ibid., p. 1383.
67. Ibid., p. 418.
68. Ibid., p. 1171.
69. Ibid., p. 40.
70. Ibid.
71. Ibid., p. 1247.
72. Ibid., p. 289.
73. Ibid., p. 284.
74. Ibid., p. 958.
75. Ibid., P. 701.
76. Ibid., p. 404.
77. Ibid., p. 418.
78. Ibid., p. 1.
79. Ibid., p. 7.
80. Ibid., p. 781.
81. Ibid., pp. 647-48.
82. Ibid., p. 77.
83. Ibid., p. 1092.
84. Ibid., p. 939.
85. Ibid., p. 125.
86. Ibid., pp. 946, 466.
87. Ibid., p. 176.
88. Ibid., p. 631.
89. Ibid., p. 913.
90. Ibid., p. 267.
91. Ibid., p. 1203. -
92. Ibid., p. 1075.
93. Ibid., p. 1179.
94. Ibid., p. 751.
95. Ibid., p. 12.
96. Ibid., p. 295.
97. Ibid., p. 278.
98. Ibid., p. 942.
99. Ibid., p. 273.
100. Ibid., p. 286.
101. Ibid., pp. 1078, 534.
102. Galloway, The Philosophy 1915, p. 654.
103. Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1128.
104. Ibid., p. 1243.
105. Ibid., p. 1288.
106. Ibid., 360.
107. Ibid., p. 491.
108. Ibid., p. 1199.
109. Ibid., p. 732.
110. Ibid., p. 861.
111. Ibid., p. 58.
112. Ibid., p. 314.
113. Ibid., p. 1245.
114. Ibid., p. 913.
115. Ibid., p. 768.
116. Ibid., p. 1376.
117. Ibid., p. 784.
118. Ibid., p. 828.
119. Ibid., p. 955.
120. Ibid., pp. 343-44.
121. Ibid.. p. 866.
122. Ibid., p. 404.
123. Ibid., p. 418.
124. Ibid., p. 878.
125. Ibid., p. 1245.
126. Ibid., p. 684.
127. Ibid., p. 4.

Chapter IV
Sikhism, Vaisnavism, Vedanta and Nathism

1 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 722
2 Ibid., p. 1
3 Ibid., p. 459
4 Ibid., p. 1412
5 Swayas Patshahi DAs
6 Guru Granth Sahib., p. 294
7 Ibid., p. 930
8 Ibid., p. 930
9 Ibid., p. 830
10 Ibid., p. 828
11 Ibid., p. 26, 1091-92
12 Ibid., p. 418
13 Ibid., p. 955
14 Ibid., p. 15
15 Ibid., p. 8
16 Ibid., p. 62
17 Ibid., p. 730
18 Ibid., p. 962
19 Ibid., p. 473
20 Ibid., p. 1245
21 Ibid., p. 417
22 Ibid., p. 1171
23 Ibid., p. 1376
24 Ibid., p. 1289
25 Michael Walzer, Revolution of Saints, p. 1
26 Hiriyanna, M. Essentials of Indian Philosophy, p. 55
27 Maitra, S.K., The Ethics of the Hindus, pp. 244, 263, 265-266
28 Murthy, P.V.S., Vaisnavism of Shankradeva and Ramanuja, p.232
29 Ibid., pp. 201-203
30 Hiriyanna, M., Outlines of Indian Philosophy, p. 72
31 Ibid., p. 72
32 The Vedic Age, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, p. 500
33 Ibid., p. 479
34 Ibid., p. 513
35 Ibid., p.516
36 Ibid., p. 515
37 Zaehner, R.C., Mysticism Sacred & Profane, p. 155
38 Zimmer, H., Philosophies of India, pp. 462-63
39 Swami Sivananda, Spiritual Experiences, pp. 222-23
40 Ibid., p. 220
41 Zimmer, H., op. cit., pp. 426-27
42 Ibid., p. 463
43 Briggs, G.W., Gorakhnath and Kanphata Yogis, p. 522
44 Ghurye, G.S., Indian Sadhus, pp. 34-35
45 Ibid., p.115
46 Briggs, op. cit., p. 218
47 McLeod, H. Evolution of the Sikh Community, p. 5
48 Ibid., pp. 5-7
49 Sikh Studies, Editor, Juergensmeyer, Barrier, Berkeley, pp. 15, 21
50 Narayanan, V. N., Paper read at a Conference held by Council for World’s Religions at Sri Nagar, July 1988, pp. 5-9
51 Narayanan, V.N., Paper read at a Conference held by the Council for World’s Religions at Sri Nagar, July 1988, pp. 5-9
52 Uberoi, H.S., Paper read at Berkeley, Feb. 1987, p. 28

Chapter V
The Sikh World View

1 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 459
2 Ibid., p. 294
3 Ibid., p. 955
4 Ibid., p. 8
5 Ibid., p. 859
6 Stace, W.T., Mysticism and Philosophy, pp. 131-133
7 Huxley, Aldous, Moksha, p. 175
8 Ibid., pp. 222, 223
9 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 830
10 Zimmer, H., Philosophies of India, pp. 222-223.
11 Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. VII, February-August 1980, p.38.
12 Ibid
13 Jain, N.K., Sikh Gurus and Indian Spiritual Thought, p. 168
14 Jaiswal, Suvira, Origin and Development of Vashnavism, pp. 116-118
15 Murthy, H.V.S., Vaisnavism of Shankradeva and Ramanuja, p. 232
16 Juergensmeyer, Mark, Sikh Studies, pp. 83-88
17 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 473
18 Bhai Gurdas, Var 1
19 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1
20 Ibid., p. 1412
21 Macauliffe, M.A., The Sikh Religion, Vol. III, pp. 7-8, 419
22 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 7
23 Ibid., p. 8-9
24 Ibid., p.62
25 Ibid., p. 113
26 Ibid., p.473
27 Punjab Past & Present, October 1976, p. 468
28 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1243
29 Ibid., p. 730
30 Wilson, H.H., Religious Sects of Hindus, p. 19
31 Briggs, G.W., Gorakhnath and Kanphata Yogis, p. 32
32 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1245
33 Ibid., p.886
34 Ibid., p.1171
35 Ibid., p.889
36 Ibid., p. 417
37 Bertrand Russel, History of Western Philosophy, pp. 362-363
38 Tim Dowley, Eerdman’s Handbook to the History of Christianity, p. 5
39 Guru Granth Sahib, pp. 36, 417-418
40 Ibid., p.1208
41 Ibid., p. 224
42 Ibid., p. 145
43 Ibid., p.1289
44 Ibid., p.472
45 Bhalla, Sarup Dass, Mehma Prakash, p. 326
46 Gupta, H.R., History of the Sikh Gurus, p. 110
47 Saina-pat, Gur Sobha, pp. 21, 32
48 Bute Shah, Tawarikh-I-Hind, pp. 405-406
49 Gurdev Singh, Sikh Tradition, pp. 183-227
50 Cunningham, J.D., History of the Sikhs, p. 64
51 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 176
52 Ibid., p.631
53 Ibid., p. 913
54 Ibid., p. 913
55 Ibid., p.113
56 Hertzberg, Arthur (ed.), Judaism, p. 98
57 Zricahn, Philosophy of Judaism, pp. 503-504
58 Smart, Ninian, The Religious Experience of Mankind,. pp.356-358
59 Zricahn, op. cit, p. 504., Roth, Cecil, Short History of the Jewish People, pp. 45-52, 57
60 Hawking, Stephen, A Brief History of Time, pp. 177-178
61 Bible, John, p. 15; Mathew, p. 22
62 Toynbee, Arnold J., Christianity and Civilization, pp. 14-17.
63 Eerdman’s Handbook to the History of Christianity, pp. 204-207
64 Toynbee, An Historian’s Approach to Religion, p. 210
65 Eerdman’s op. cit., pp. 570-571
66 The Tribune, July 12-13, 1990.
67 Dialogue and Alliance, A Journal of International Religious
Foundation, Summer 1987, Vol. 1, pp. 94-96
68 Eerdman’s op. cit., p. 610
69 Pannikar, K.M. Hindu Society at Cross Roads, p. 18
70 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 560
71 Ambedkar, B.R. Annihilation of Caste, An undelivered Speech edited by Mulkh Raj Anand.
72 Gupta, H.R., History of the Sikhs, Vol. I, p. 163
73 The Limits of Growth, A Report for the Club of Rome’s Project, pp. 191-192
74 Schumacher, E.F., A Guide to the Perplexed, p. 132
75 Collingwood, R.G., Idea of History, pp. 314-315
76 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 853
77 Ibid., p. 939.

Chapter VI
Sikh Theory of Evolution : Haumain and
Problem of Hermeneutics

1 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 946
2 Ibid., p. 176
3 Ibid., p. 631
4 Ibid., p. 176
5 Ibid., p. 913
6 Ibid., p. 12
7 Ibid., p. 913
8 Limits of Growth : Report for the Club of Rome, Project on the Predictament of Mankind, pp. 191-192.
9 Schweitzer, Albert, Civilization and Ethics, pp. 9, 11-13
10 Schumacher, E.F., Guide to the Perplexed, p. 132
11 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 560
12 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 560
13 Ibid., p. 459
14 Ibid., p. 1412
15 Ibid., p. 62
16 Ibid., p. 955
17 Ibid., p. 343, 347
18 Ibid., p. 418
19 Ibid., p. 468
20 Ibid., pp. 1383, 9
21 Ibid., p. 8
22 Ibid., p. 730
23 Ibid., p. 684
24 Ibid., p. 931
25 Ibid., p. 1423
26 Ibid., p. 940
27 Ibid., p. 991
28 Ibid., p. 962
29 Ibid., p. 522
30 Ibid., p. 1376
31 Ibid., p. 730
32 Ibid., p. 473
33 The Punjab Past and Present, Oct. 1976, Punjab University, Patiala, p. 468
34 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1245
35 Ibid., p. 1171
36 Ibid., p. 889
37 Ibid., p. 417
38 Ibid., p. 417-418, 360
39 Ibid., p. 1208
40 Ibid., p. 224
41 Ibid., p. 145
42 Ibid., pp. 1289, 472.
43 Bhalla, Sarup Das, Mehma Prakash, p. 326
44 Gupta, H.R., History of Sikh Gurus, p. 114
45 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 15
46 Ibid., p. 853
47 Ibid., p. 939
48 Ibid., p. 722
49 Ibid., p. 723
50 Ibid., p. 566
51 Ibid., p. 763
52 Ibid., p. 35
53 Ibid., p. 308
54 Ibid., p. 943
55 Ibid., p. 982
56 Toynbee, A., Ann Historian’s Approach to Religion, Oxford University Press, 1957, p. 75
57 Juergensmeyer, M., Sikh Studies, Berkeley religious studies series, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California, 1979, pp. 83,88.
58 Murthy, H.V.S., Vaishnaism of Shankradeva and Ramanuja, pp.201-202.
59 Ibid., p. 203
60 The Tribune, Chandigarh, March 13, 1977.
61 Mann, J.S. & Saraon, H.S. (Eds), Advanced studies in Sikhism, The Sikh Community of North America, Itvine, Calfornia, USA, 1989, pp. 270-271
62 Ibid., p. 274
63 Dowley, tim, Eerdman’s Handbook to the history of Christianity,reprint 1987, Erdmann Publishing Company, Michigan, pp. 597-598.
64 The Punjab Past and Present, Oct. 1976, Punjab University, Patiala, p.468.
65 Jain, N.K., Sikh Gurus and Indian Spiritual Thought, Punjabi University, Patiala, p. 168.
66 James, William, Varieties of Religious Experience, pp. 370-373.
67 Collingwood, R.G., Idea of History, Oxford University Press,
1980, p. 178.
68 Toynbee, A., op. Cit., p. 132.
69 Dowley, Tim, op. cit., p.5
70 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 991.
71 Ibid., p. 940.
72 Smullyan et. Al., Introduction to Philosophy, pp. 358-363.
73 Guru Granth Sahib, p.463.
74 Ibid., p. 468.
75 Torah, A New Translation of the Holy Scripture (First Section), The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 2nd edition, 1981, p. 141
76 Ibid., p. 135
77 Ibid., p. 139
78 Russel, Bertrand, Unpopular Essays, pp. 53-57
79 Azad, Maulana, India Wins Freedom, Oriented Longman, Calcutta, 1959, p. 48-49
80 Daljeet Singh, The Sikh Ideology, Singh Brothers, Amritsar 1990, pp. 48-49
81 Seervai, H.M., Constitutional Law of India, 3rd Edition, Sweet and Maxwell Ltd., London, 1988, pp. 143-147
82 Gupta, H.R., History of Sikh Gurus, U.C. Kapoor & Sons, Delhi 1973, p. 92
83 Ibid., p. 92
84 Ibid., p. 93
85 Ibid., p. 93
86 Ibid., pp. 100-101
87 Ibid., pp. 101-102
88 Ibid., p. 104
89 Gur Bilas Patshahi Chhevin, pp. 84-85
90 Gupta, H.R.., op. cit., p. 114, Pothi Panj Sakhian
91 Gupta, H.R., op. cit., pp. 114-119
92 Ibid, p. 130
93 Anonymous, Haqiqat-i-Banau-Uruj-i-Firqa-i-Sikhan, 1783 A.D., pp. 3-6, The Sikh Review, Calcutta, Feb. 1990, p. 22
94 Gupta, H.R., op. cit., p. 177
95 Ibid., p. 234
96 Rattan S. Bhangoo, Sri Guru Panth Parkash, Ed. Jit Singh Sital, SGPC, Amritsar, p. 189
97 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 966
98 Macauliffe, M.A., The Sikh Religion, Vol. V, p. 295
99 Gupta, H.R., op. cit, pp. 139-140.
100 Schumacher, E.F., A Guide to the Perplexed, pp. 134-135
101 Guru Granth Sahib, pp. 560, 1092

Chapter VII
The Concept of Maya in Sikhism

1 Zimmer, H., Philosophies of India, pp. 9, 122.
2 Keith, A.B., Religion and Philosophy of Vedas and Upanishads, p. 468.
3 Zimmer, op. cit., p. 122.
4 Keith, op. cit., p. 531.
5 Ibid., p. 446.
6 Ibid., p. 530.
7 Ibid., p. 531.
8 Ibid., p. 508.
9 Zimmer, op. cit., p. 414.
10 Keith, op. cit., pp. 530-31.
11 Ibid., p. 594.
12 Zimmer, op. cit., p. 421.
13 Ibid., p. 601.
14 Keith, op. cit., p. 508.
15 Ibid., p. 598.
16 Zimmer, op. cit., p. 27.
17 Ibid., pp. 44, 106.
18 Ibid., pp. 155-158.
19 History of Vedic Age, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, p. 386.
20 Ibid., pp. 389, 392.
21 Ibid., p. 386.
22 Ibid., p. 501.
23 Ibid., p. 513
24 Ibid., pp. 514, 518, 520.
25 Ibid., p. 510.
26 Ibid., pp. 346, 348.
27 Keith, op. cit., p. 468.
28 History of Vedic Age, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, p. 373.
29 Zimmer, op. cit., p. 123.
Essentials of Sikhism 298
30 Keith, op. cit., pp. 434, 468, 480.
31 Ibid., pp. 586, 587, 596.
32 Ibid., p. 600.
33 History of Vedic Age, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 513,
514, 516, 520.
34 Keith, op. cit., p. 596
35 Zimmer, op. cit., pp. 11, 122, 123.
36 Weber, Max, Religions of India, p. 189.
37 Zimmer, op. cit., pp. 394, 395.
38 Weber, op. cif., pp. 181-182.
39 Zimmer, op. cit., pp. 395-395.
40 Ibid., pp. 412-413.
41 Ibid., pp. 412-414.
42 Keith, op. cit., p. 586.
43 Ibid., pp. 596-597.
44 Ibid., p. 527.
45 History of Vedic Age, Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, p. 510.
46 Zimmer, op. cit., p. 27.
47 Keith, op. cit., p. 598.
48 Zimmer, op. cit., p. 427.
49 Ibid., pp. 440, 441.
50 Ibid., pp. 443, 448, 451.
51 Weber, op. cit., p. 186
52 Keith, op. cit., pp. 586-587.
53 Zimmer, op. cit., p. 447
54 Ibid., p. 458.
55 Ibid., p. 459
56 Maitra, S.K., Ethics of Hindus, pp. 244, 263, 266.
57 Keith, op. cit., p. 549
58 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 897
59 Ibid., p. 885.
60 Ibid., p. 886, 382
61 Ibid., p. 887, 448
62 Ibid., p. 664
63 Ibid., pp. 714, 649, 679, 641, 786, 751
64 Ibid., p. 1258
65 Ibid., p. 497
66 Ibid., p. 227, 347, 373
67 Ibid., p. 744, 771, 785
68 Ibid., p. 888
69 Ibid., pp. 714, 746
70 Ibid., pp. 404, 744, 785
71 Ibid., p. 286
72 Ibid., p. 460
73 Ibid., p. 908
74 Ibid., p. 1102
75 Ibid., p. 880
76 Ibid., p. 1110
77 Ibid., p. 1190
78 Ibid., p. 903
79 Ibid., p. 912
80 Ibid., p. 684
81 Ibid., p. 736
82 Ibid., p. 742
83 Ibid., p. 785
84 Ibid., p. 809
85 Ibid., p. 845
86 Ibid., p. 847
87 Ibid., p. 623
88 Ibid., p. 320
89 Ibid., p. 334
90 Ibid., p. 874
91 Ibid., pp. 908-9
92 Ibid., p. 919
93 Ibid., p. 923
94 Ibid., p. 699
95 Ibid., p. 718
96 Ibid., p. 719
97 Ibid., p. 730
98 Ibid., p. 745
99 Ibid., p. 780
100 Ibid., p. 806
101 Ibid., p. 817
102 Ibid., p. 812
103 Ibid., p.945
104 Ibid., pp. 1225-26
105 Ibid., p. 1231
106 Ibid., p. 1314
107 Ibid., p. 466-467
108 Ibid., p. 560
109 Ibid., p 590.
110 Ibid., pp. Vol. III, 1
111 Ibid., p. 651
112 Ibid., p. 713
113 Ibid., p. 722
114 Ibid., p. 729
115 Ibid., p. 622-623
116 Ibid., p. 801
117 Ibid., p. 822
118 Ibid., p. 888
119 Ibid., p. 892
120 Ibid., pp. 948, 1190
121 Ibid., p. 1314, 453
122 Ibid., p. 400
123 Ibid., p. 416
124 Ibid., p. 577
125 Ibid., p. 714
126 Ibid., p. 732
127 Ibid., p. 733
128 Ibid., p. 744
129 Ibid., p. 746
130 Ibid., p. 790
131 Ibid., p. 797
132 Ibid., p. 798
133 Ibid., p. 800
134 Ibid., p. 838
135 Ibid., p. 808
136 Ibid., p. 843
137 Ibid., p. 909
138 Ibid., p. 948
139 Ibid., p. 1044
140 Ibid., p. 1113
141 Ibid., p. 1121
142 Ibid., p. 1182
143 Ibid., p. 1188
144 Ibid., p. 1219
145 Ibid., p. 1262
146 Ibid., p. 1350
147 Ibid., p. 400
148 Ibid., p. 416
149 Ibid., p. 421
150 Macauliffe, M.A. The sikh Religion, p. 340.
151 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 466.
152 Ibid., p. 703
153 Ibid., p. 497
154 Guru Granth Sahib, Eng. Tr, by Gopal Singh, Vol. I, p. XLIII.
155 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 698.
156 Ibid., p. 703
157 Ibid., p. 716, 827.
158 Ibid., p. 930.
159 Ibid., p. 769.
160 Ibid., p. 746.
161 Ibid., p. 812
162 Ibid., p. 812.
163 Ibid., p. 871.
164 Ibid., p. 872.
165 Ibid., p. 888.
166 Ibid., p. 1129.
167 Ibid., p. 1063.
168 Ibid., p. 1183.
169 Ibid., p. 509.
170 Ibid., p. 211.
171 Ibid., p. 1308.
172 Ibid., p. 896.
173 Ibid., pp. 892, 68.
174 Ibid., p. 262.
175 Ibid., p. 263.
176 Ibid., p. 356.
177 Ibid., p. 264.
178 Ibid., p. 265.

Chapter VIII

Essentials of Sikh Bhakti and Hindu Bhakti

1 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1
2 Ibid., p. 722
3 Ibid., p. 459
4 Ibid., p. 1412
5 Swayas Patshahi Das
6 Bible, Mathew, 22, 4
7 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 290
8 Ibid., p. 294, 463
9 Ibid., p. 930
10 Ibid., p. 830
11 Ibid., p. 828
12 Ibid., p. 458
13 Ibid., p. 418
14 Ibid., p. 955
15 Ibid., pp. 26, 1091-92
16 Ibid., p. 684
17 Ibid., p. 15
18 Ibid., p. 8
19 Ibid., p. 26, 62
20 Ibid., p. 962
21 Ibid., p. 1376
22 Ibid., p. 730
23 Ibid., p. 781
24 Ibid., p. 473
25 Ibid., p. 1245
26 Ibid., p. 1171
27 Ibid., p. 417
28 Michael Waize, Reuolution of Saints, p. 1.
29 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1289.
30 Gupta, H.R., History of Sikh Gums, p. 114.
31 Macauliffe, tbe Sikh Religion. Vol. IV, p. 205.
32 Guru Granth Sahib, pp. 1-2
33 Ibid., p. 159
34 Ibid., p. 113
35 Ibid., p. 176
36 Ibid., p. 176
37 Ibid., p. 631
38 Ibid., p. 913
39 Ibid., p. 12
40 Bhandarkar, R.G., Sailism and Vaisnavism, Chap. 1; Chattopadhayaya, S., Evolution of Theistic Thought in Ancient India, Chap. 1; Daljeet Singh, Sikhism, pp. 50
41 Ibid.,
42 Hiriyanna, Essentials of Indian Philosophy, p. 53, Bhandarkar, op. cit., p. 1.
43 Jaiswal, S., Origin and Development of Vaisnavism, p. 211; Joshi, L.M., Punjab Past and Prr!sent, 1976
44 Jaiswal, S., op. cit., p. 119.
45 Ibid., pp. 111-112, BhagavadGifa (Translation by Annie Besant), pp. 252-254.
46 Hiriyanna, op. cit., p. 55; Das Gupta, Hindu Mysticism, p. 117.
47 Annie Besant, Bhagavad Gita (English Translation), pp. 252-
254; Jaiswal, S., op. cit., p. 64, Hiriyanna, M., op.cit., p. 54.
48 Jaiswal, op. cit., pp. 214-215.
49 Spencer, S., Mysticism in World Religion, p. 49; Bhandarkar, op. cit., pp. 41-42.
50 CowelI, J.RA.S. (1907).
51 Hiriyanna, op. cit., pp. 178-182, 185; Das Gupta, op.cit., pp. 38-42, 117.
52 Hiriyanna, op. cit., pp. 183-185; ]aiswal. op. cit., pp. 119-132,
155; Daljeet Singh, op. cit., pp. 62-64.
53 Ibid.,
54 Bhandarkar, op. cit., p. 47.
55 Maitra, S.K., Ethics of Hindus, p. 244.
56 Ibid., pp. 263, 265, 266.
57 Das Gupta, op. cit., pp. 132, 133; Bhandarkar, op.cit., p. 54.
58 Murthy, H.V.S., Vaisnavism of Shankradeva and Ramanuja, pp. 201-203.
59 Daljeet Singh, op.cit., pp. 72-75; Bhandarkar, op.cit.,Chapter on Saivism.
60 Daljeet Singh, op. cit., p. 81; Dhavamonya, Love of God, According to Saiva Siddhanta, pp. 127, 135, 140, 141.
61 Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, Vol. VI, October,
1987, p. 54, Guru Nanak Foundation, New Delhi.

Chapter IX

Guru Nanak —
The Prophet of a Unique Ideology

1 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 459
2 Stace, W.T., Mys:tcism & Philosvphy, pp. 131-133.
3 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 294.
4 Ibid., p. 8.
5 Daljeet Singh, Sikhism, pp. 262-63.
6 Guru Granth Sahib; p. 830.
7 Ibid., p. 1.
8 Ibid., p. 1412.
9 Ibid., p. 1289.
10 Ibid., p. 1290.
11 Gurdev Singh, Sikh Tradition, p. 328
12 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 78.
13 Bhalla, S.D., Mehma Prakash, p. 326.
14 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 939.
15 Ibid., p. 886.
16 Ibid.. p. 62.
17 Ibid., p. 8.
18 Ibid., p. 611.
19 Zimmer, H., Philosophies of India, pp. 222-23.
20 Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. VII, Feb.-August, 1980, p.38
21 Journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. VII, Feb.-August, 1980, p.38.
22 Jain, N.K., Sikh Gurus and Indian Spiritual Tbought,  p.168.
23 Murthy, H.V.S., Vaisnavism of Shankradeva and Ramanuja, p. 212
24 Ghurye, G.S., Indian Sadhus, p. 39; Briggs, G.W., Gorakh Nath & Kanphata Yogis, pp. 45, 47, 27.
25 Juergensrneyer, Sikh Studies, Berke1ey, pp. 83-88.
26 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 473.
27 Punjab Past & Present, Oct. 1976, p. 468
28 Annie Besant, English Translation of Bhagavad Gita, pp. 252-
254; Jaisval, S., Origin & Development of Vaisnavism, pp. 111-112.
29 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1243.
30 Ibid., p. 1245.
31 Ibid., pp. 360, 417-18.
32 Ibid., p. 145.
33 Gupta, H.R., History of Sikh Gurus, p. 114.
34 Banerjee, A.C., Journal of Sikh Studies, Feb. 1976, GND University, Amritsar, p. 61; Haqiqat-i-Banau-uruj-iFirqa-i-Sikhan (1783 A.D.), Anonymous, pp. 3-6. Quoted in an article by Sher Singh in the Sikh Review, Calcutta, February, 1990, p. 22
35 Sainapat, Gur Sobha, pp. 21, 32.
36 Daljeet Singh, Sikhism, pp. 285-86.
37 Bhai Gurdas, First Var.
38 Macauliffe, The Sikh Religion, Vol.V p.295.
39 Muhammad Iqbal, Bang-i-Dara, p. 270.
40 James Lewis, Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, Vol.
VI; Oct. 1987, Guru Nanak Foundation, p.54.
41 Collingwood, R.G., Idea of History, pp. 314-315
42 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1075. 43. Ibid., p. 12
43 Ibid., p. 12

Chapter X

Sikh Religion and Politics

1 Guru Granth Sahib, p.459
2 Ibid., p. 8.
3. Ibid., p. 468.
4. Ibid., p. 830.
5. Ibid., p. 1.
6. Ibid., p. 62.
7. Ibid., p. 1412.
8. Ibid., p. 26.
9. Ibid., p.8
10 Annie Besant, Bhagavad Gita, pp. 252-254
11 Murthy, HYS, Vaisnavisim of Shankradeva & Ramanuja p. 232; Juergensmeyer. M., Sikh Studies, Berkeley, pp. 83-88.
12 Guru Granth Sahib, pp. 1289-90
13 Ibid., pp. 417-18.
14 Ibid., pp. 145,224, 1028.
15 Bhai Gurdas, Var I
16 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 730
17 Ibid., pp. 140-41.
18 Mehma Prakash I, p. 326; H, p. 9.
19 Maitra, S.K., Ethics of Hindus, pp. 244, 263-66
20 Guru Granth Sahib, pp. 472, 1289.
21 Sarup Das Bhalla, Mehma Prakash Part-H, pp. 49, 64.
22 Punjab Past and Present, Oct. 1976, p. 468.
23 Gupta, H.R., History of Sikh Gurus, p. 110.
24 Ibid., pp. 102-110.
25 Gur Bilas Patshahi Chhevin, pp. 84-85.
26 Punjab Past and Present, Vol. III, 1969, p. 69.
27 Gupta, H.R., History of Sikh Gurus, p. 114.
28 Dalieet Singh,Sikhism, pp. 277-78.
29 Bannerji, AIC, journal of Sikh Studies, GND University, Vol. 11, No. I (Feb. 1976), p. 61.
30 Jagjit Singh, Sikh Revolution, p. 177.
31 Sainapat,GurSobha, pp. 21, 32.
32 Gupta, H.R., History of Sikh Gurus, p. 189.
33 Gupta, H.R., History of Sikhs, Vol. I, pp. 27-32, 71-72. 82-3, 176-7,261, Forster, pp. 312-13.
34 Qazi Noor Muhammad, jangnama, pp. 172-75; Gupta, H.R., History of Sikhs, p. 290.
35 Rajinder, P., Rediscovery of India, p. 21.
36 Toynbee. A., An Historian’s Approach to Religion, p. 210.
37 Smith Huston, Beyond the Post Modem Mind, p. 136; Francis, G., of Molecules and Men, Seattle University of Washington Press, 1966.
38 Ibid.,p. 136.
39 Schumacher, E.F., A Guide for the Perplexed, p. 132.
40 Limits of Growth, Report for Club of Rome’s Project, pp. 191-192.
41 Toynbee. A., An Historian’s Approach to Religion, pp. 233-35.
42 Dialogue and Alliance, Summer, 1987, Vol. I, No. 2, p.95.

Chapter XI

The Gurmukh

1 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 463
2 Ibid., p. 859
3 Ibid., p. 15
4 Ibid., p. 962
5 Ibid., p. 1284
6 Ibid., p. 7
7 Ibid., p. 1383
8 Ibid., p. 1
9 Ibid., p. 62
10 Ibid., pp. 684, 701.
11 Ibid., p. 560
12 Ibid., pp. 896, 939.
13 Ibid., p. 18
14 Ibid., p. 905
15 Ibid., p. 1000
16 Ibid., p. 1175
17 Ibid., p. 1017
18 Ibid., p.
19 Ibid., p.
20 Ibid., p.
21 Ibid., p.
22 Ibid., p.
23 Ibid., p.
24 Ibid., pp. 830, 651, 263-64
25 Ibid., p. 1105
26 Ibid., p. 74
27 Ibid., p. 77
28 Ibid., pp. 377, 844
29 Ibid., p. 853
30 Ibid., p. 781
31 Ibid., p. 905
32 Ibid., p. 1017
33 Ibid., pp. 411, 1029
34 Ibid., p. 8
35 Ibid., p. 944
36 Ibid., p. 295
37 Ibid., pp. 965, 941
38 Ibid., p. 113
39 Das Gupta, Hindu Mysticism, pp. 38-40
40 Daljeet Singh, Sikhism, Sterling Publishers, 1979, pp. 37-4l
41 Zaehner, R.e., Mysticism Sacred and Profane, p. 155
42 Ibid. p. 169
43 Hiriyanna, M., Essentials of India on Philosophy, pi 53; Zimmer, H., Philosphies of India, p. 388
44 Daljeet Singh. op. cit., pp. 21-22
45 Zimmer, rp. at., pp. 222-223.
46 Daljeet Singh, rp. at., pp. 88-91
47 Ibid., pp. 94-95
48 Ibid., pp. 95-96
49 Bhai Gurdas, Var First
50 Daljeet Singh, pp. 269-270
51 Ibid., p. 264
52 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1245.
53 Ibid., p. 473
54 Punjab Past and Present, Oct. 1976, p. 468
55 Daljeet Singh., op. cit., p. 273
56 Ibid., pp. 277-278
57 Bannerji, A.C.,Journal of Sikh Studies, G.N.D. University, Amrltsar, Feb. 1976, p. 61
58 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 939

Chapter XII
A Critique and A Clarification of Sikhism

1 Khushwant Singh, History of the Sikhs, Vol. I, p. 39
2 Aron Shourie, Khushwant Singh, et. al., The Punjab Story, p.2
3 Khushwant Singh, The Illustrated Weekly of India, June 15-21, 1991
4 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 722
5 Ibid., p. 739
6 Ibid., p. 459
7 Ibid., p. 830
8 Ibid., p. 463
9 Ibid., p. 930
10 Ibid., p. 468
11 Ibid., p. 828
12 Ibid., p. 1412
13 Ibid., p. 730
14 Ibid., p. 962
15 Ibid., p. 522
16 Ibid., p. 1376
17 Ibid., pp. 26, 1091-92
18 Ibid., p. 684
19 Ibid., p. 8
20 Ibid., p. 418
21 Ibid., p. 955
22 Ibid., p. 62
23 Ibid., p. 1245
24 Ibid., p. 1171
25 Ibid., p. 889
26 Ibid., p. 417
27 Ibid., p. 1208
28 Ibid., p. 224
29 Ibid., p. 750
30 Macauliffe, MA, The Sikh Religion, Vol. III, pp. 7-8
31 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1289
32 Cunningham, ].D., A History of the Sikhs, p. 644; Bannerjee, Indubhushan, Evolution of the Khalsa, Vol. II, p.116
33 Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, pp. 362-63
34 Jaiswal, S., The Origin and Development of Vaishnavism, p.64
35 Bhandarkar, R.G., Vaishnavism and Saivism, p. 1; Hiriyanna, M., The Essentials of Indian Philosophy, p. 53, Sedgwick, L.J., J.B.B.R.A.S., 1910
36 Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., pp. 40-41
37 Jaiswal, S., op, cit., p. 114. Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., pp. 15-16, 47. Hiriyanna, M., op. cit., p. 53
38 Joshi, L.M., Punjab Past and Present, 1976. Jaiswal, S., op. cit., pp. 214-215
39 Annie Besant, Bhagvad Gita (English Translation), pp. 252-254; Hiriyanna, op. cit., p. 54;
Zimmer, H., op. cit., p. 388
40 Das Gupra, Hindu Mysticism, pp. 117,38-42
41 Hiriyanna, M., op. cit., p. 185. Das Gupra, op. cit., pp. 118-19, 121. Jaiswal, S., op. cit., p. 114. Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., p. 57
42 Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., pp. 54-55. Annie Besant, op.cit., pp. 252-54. Ghurye, G .S., Caste and Race in India, p. 95
43 Hiriyanna, M., op. cit., p. 36. Jaiswal, S., op. cit., pp. 119, 132, 155
44 Hiriyanna, M., op. cit., pp. 178, 182, 185. Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., pp. 52-53
45 Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., p. 53-55; Hiriyanna, M., op. cit., pp. 183-185
46 Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., pp. 55-56
47 Wilson, H.H., Religious Sects of Hindus, p. 19. Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., pp. 54-55
48 Murthy, H.V.S., Vaishnavism of Shankradeva and Ramanuja, pp. 196, 201-202
49 Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., p.55.
Spencer, S., Mysticism in World Religions, p. 49
50 Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., p. 80
51 Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., pp. 85-86;
Ghurye, G .S., Indian Sadhus, p. 171
52 Bhandarkar, R.G., op. cit., p. 54
53 Maitra, S.K., The Ethics of the Hindus, p. 244
54 Ibid., pp. 263, 265, 266
55 Spencer, S., op. cit., p. 58
56 Murthy, H.V.S., op. cit., p. 202
57 Zimmer, H., op. cit., p. 590; Ghurye, G.S., op. cit., pp. 34-35
58 Zaehner, R.e., Mysticism Sacred and Profane, pp. 135-136 Hiriyanna, M., Outline of Indian Philosophy, p. 72
59 Das Gupta, op. cit., pp. 50-52
60 Zimmer, H., op. cit., pp. 49, 106, 155, 159
61 Vedanta Sara, cited by Zimmer, p. 445
62 Hiriyanna, M., op. cit., p. 72
63 Ibid., p. 72.
64 Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, The Vedic Age, p. 501
65 Zaehner, RC., op. cit., p. 155
66 Zimmer, H., op. cit., pp. 462-463
67 Daljeet Singh, Sikhism, p. 45
68 Zaehner, RC., op.cit., p. 169
69 Zimmer, H., op.cit., pp. 412-13, 448, 455, 458. Max Weber, The Religions of India, p. l86. Keith, A.B., Harvard Oriental Series, Vol. 32, Religion and Philosophy of Vedas and Upanishads, pp. 586-87.
70 Swami Sevananda, Spiritual Experience, pp. 222-223
71 Ibid., p. 220
72 Zimmer, H., op. cif., pp. 426-427
73 Mann, J.S., and Saraon, H.S., Advanced Studies in Sikh ism, p. 51.
74 Guru Granth Sahib, pp. 853, 939
75 Stace, W.T., Mysticism and Philosophy, pp. 131-133
76 William James, Varieties of Religious Experience,pp. 370-372
77 Bergson, in Smullyan and others, Introduction to Philosophy, pp. 363-370, 372, 376-77
78 Aldous Huxley, Moksha, p. 115
79 Ibid., pp. 222-223
80 Ibid., p. 223
81 Guru Granth Sahib, pp. 290,387
82 Ibid., p. 473
83 Ibid., p. 1.
84 Michae1 Walzer, The Revolution of Saints, p. 1
85 Collingwood, RG., Idea of History, p. 178
86 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 113
87 Gupta, H.R, History of Sikh Gurus, p. 110
88 Banerjee, A.C., Timur Shah, quoted by him in journal of Sikh Studies, G.N.D. University, Vol. Ill, Feb.1976, p. 61; Haqiqat-i.Banau,
Uruj-i-Firaq-i-Sikhan, pp. 3-6, quoted by Sher Singh, Sikh Review, February 1991, p. 22
89 Sherman Barnes in Eerdman’s Handbook to the History of Christianity, p. 5.
90 King, N.Q., Perspectives on Sikh Tradition, edited by Gurdev Singh, pp. 46-47

Chapter XIII
The Idea of Freedom and Responsibility in Sikhism

1 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 1159.
2 Ibid., p. 12
3 Ibid., p. 748
4 Ibid., p. 870
5 Ibid., p. 973
6 Ibid., p. 1243
7 Ibid., p. 424
8 Ibid., p. 1376
9 Ibid., p. 932
10 Ibid., p. 8
11 Ibid., p. 1238
12 Ibid., p. 913
13 Ibid., p. 1110
14 Ibid., p. 855
15 Ibid., p. 755
16 Ibid., p. 765
17 Ibid., p. 785
18 Ibid., p. 861
19 Ibid., p. 745
20 Ibid., p. 134
21 Ibid., p. 932
22 Ibid., p. 1376

Chapter XIV
The Sikh Identity

1 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 722
2 Ibid., p. 459
3 Stace, WT., Mysticism and Philosophy, pp. 131-133
4 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 730
5 Ibid., p. 1
6 Ibid., pp. 26, 1091-92
7 Ibid., p. 8
8 Ibid., p. 418
9 Ibid., p. 955
10 Ibid., p. 62
11 Ibid., p. 913
12 Ibid., p. 12
13 Ibid., p. 113
14 Ibid., p. 1208
15 Ibid., p. 224
16 Briggs, G,W., Gorakhnath and Kanphata Yogis, p.28
17 McLeod, W.H., The Evolution of the Sikh Community, pp. 76-78
18 Bannerjee, A.C., journal of Sikh Studies, Vol. III (Feb. 1976), p. 61, and Haqiqat-i-Banau, Uruj-i-Firaq-iSikhan
(author not known), pp. 3-6. (Also, Sikh Review, February 1991, p. 22).
19 Sainapat, Gur Sobha (Edited by Ganda Singh), pp. 21, 32
20 Cunningham, J.D., History of the Sikhs, p. 64; Bannerjee, LB., Evolution of the Khalsa, Vol. II, p. 116

Chapter XV

Sikhism and Inter-Religious Dialogue

1 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 459
2 Ibid., p. 294
3 Ibid., pp. 26, 1091-92
4 Ibid., p. 8
5 Ibid., p. 1
6 Ibid., p. 62
7 Ibid., pp. 473, 113
8 Ibid., p. 730
9 Ibid., p. 1245
10 Ibid., p. 1245
11 Ibid., p. 1171
12 Ibid., p. 1289
13 Ibid., pp. 360, 417, 418
14 Ibid., p. 113
15 Bible, John, p. 15, Mathew, p. 22
16 Toynbee, A., An Historians Approach to Religions, p. 7.10
17 Smart, Ninian, The Religious Experience of Mankind, pp. 346-47
18 Ibid., p. 490
19 Dialogue & Alliance, Journal of International Religious Foundation, Vol. 5, No. 3, Fall, 1991, pp. 87-88
20 Guru Granth Sahib, p. 853
21 Ibid., p. 939
22 Dialogue & Alliance, vol. 5, No. 3 Fall, 1991, p. 84. Review of Christianity Through Non-Christian Eyes, Edited by P.J. Griffiltes
23 Hertzberg, Arthur (Edited), Judaism, p. 98
24 Eerdman’s History of Christianity, p. 594
25 Dialogue & Alliance, op. cit., p. 67
26 Ibid., p. 67
27 David Lockhead, The DialogicalImperative, p. 24, Ibid., p.68
28 Eerdman’s History of Christianity, p. 600; Dialogue & Alliance, op. cit. vo!. 5, No. 2, p. 78
29 Eerdman’s History of Christianity, p. 610
30 Ibid., p. 637
31 Dialogue & Alliance, op. cit., Vo!. I, Summer 1987, p. 94-96
32 International Religious Foundations, New York, News Letter, Vol. VI, No. 2, p. 2
33 Theological & Social Issues in Hindu & Sikh Tradition, Council of World Religions-Seminar, held at Sri Nagar, in July 1987, Paper by V.N. Narayanan, p. 5
34 Ibid., Paper by Basant Kumar Lal, p. 8
35 Ibid., Paper by Ravi Ravindra, p. 7
36 Eerdman’s History of Christianity, p. 570
37 Guru Granth Sahib, pp. 1208, 224
38 Ibid., p. 15
39 Schuon, Frithjof, The Transcendent Unity of Religions, (A Quest Book), p. 145
40 Ibid., p. 141
41 Smith, Huston, in Ibid., pp. XXIII-XXIV

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